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Remote sensing – 1 Remote sensing procedures
Importance of NOx – 1.1 The importance of NOx
Nitrogen compounds – 1.1.1 Nitrogen compounds in the atmosphere
Sources of NOx – 1.1.2 Sources of NOx
Altitude of emissions – 1.1.2.1 The altitude of NOx emissions
Distribution – 1.1.2.2 Geographical distribution of NOx
Exercise – Sources of NOx
Tropospheric NOx – 1.1.3 NOx in the boundary layer and troposphere
Hydrocarbons – 1.1.3.1 NOx and hydrocarbon oxidation
Exercise 1 – NOx reactions with hydrocarbons 1
Exercise 2 – NOx reactions with hydrocarbons 2
NO2 cycling – 1.1.3.2 The cycling of NO2
Exercise – The zero NOx catalytic cycle for ozone
O3 creation – 1.1.3.3 O3 creation by NO2
Exercise – A NOx catalytic cycle that creates ozone
HNO3 – 1.1.3.4 NO2 and HNO3
Exercise 1 – The breakdown of NOx and acid formation 1
Exercise 2 – The breakdown of NOx and acid formation 2
Exercise – Tropospheric NOx
Stratospheric NOx – 1.1.4 NOx in the stratosphere
Measuring NOx – 1.1.5 Measuring NOx
Exercise 1 – The measurement of NOx in the atmosphere 1
Exercise 2 – The measurement of NOx in the atmosphere 2
Case study – 1.1.6 Biomass burning: a remote sensing case study step-by-step
Satellite measurements – 1.2 Satellite measurements of tropospheric NO2
Techniques – 1.2.1 The techniques of satellite-based measurement
Orbits – 1.2.1.1 Polar and near-polar orbits
Sun-synchronous orbits – 1.2.1.2 Sun-synchronous orbits
Swath – 1.2.1.3 The swath of a satellite-borne instrument
Exercise – The techniques of satellite-based measurement
Wavelength ranges – 1.2.2 Wavelength ranges and environmental applications
Exercise – Wavelength ranges and environmental applications
Exercise – Satellite measurements of tropospheric NO2
Satellite instruments – 1.3 Satellite instruments: GOME and SCIAMACHY
GOME – 1.3.1 GOME basics
Nadir mode scanning – 1.3.1.1 GOME nadir mode measurements
Exercise – GOME nadir mode measurements
Scan sequence – 1.3.1.2 The GOME scan sequence STEP BY STEP
Exercise – The GOME scan sequence
SCIAMACHY – 1.3.2 SCIAMACHY basics
Exercise – SCIAMACHY basics
Measurement modes – 1.3.2.1 SCIAMACHY measurement modes
Nadir mode – 1.3.2.1.1 Nadir mode measurements
Limb mode – 1.3.2.1.2 Limb mode measurements
Occultation mode – 1.3.2.1.3 Occultation measurements
Calibration – 1.3.2.1.4 Calibration measurements
Exercise – SCIAMACHY measurement modes
Measurement sequence – 1.3.2.2 SCIAMACHY measurement sequence
Occultation modes – 1.3.2.2.1 SCIAMACHY solar and lunar occultation mode measurements
Limb/nadir modes – 1.3.2.2.2 SCIAMACHY limb/nadir mode measurements
During nightside – 1.3.2.2.3 SCIAMACHY nightside measurements
Operating phases – 1.3.2.2.4 SCIAMACHY operating phases STEP-BY-STEP
Exercise – SCIAMACHY limb/nadir mode measurements
Comparison – 1.33 GOME and SCIAMACHY contrasted
Radiation basics – 2 Measuring electromagnetic radiation in the atmosphere
Fundamentals – 2.1 Fundamentals of radiation measurement
Definitions – 2.1.1 Definitions and units
Exercise – Definitions and units
Blackbody radiation – 2.1.2 Blackbody radiation
Exercise 1 – Blackbody radiation 1
Exercise 2 – Blackbody radiation 2
Exercise 3 – Blackbody radiation 3
Radiative transfer – 2.2 Radiative transfer in the atmosphere
The Sun – 2.2.1 The Sun as a source of electromagnetic radiation
Exercise – The Sun as a source of electromagnetic radiation
Atmospheric transfer – 2.2.2 Processes of radiative transfer in the atmosphere
Absorption – 2.2.2.1 Absorption
Beer-Lambert basics – 2.2.2.1.1 Beer-Lambert Law: basics
Exercise – Beer-Lambert Law: basics
Beer-Lambert definitions – 2.2.2.1.2 Beer-Lambert Law definitions
Exercise – Beer-Lambert Law definitions
Scattering – 2.2.2.2 Scattering
Rayleigh scattering – 2.2.2.2.1 Rayleigh scattering
Exercise – Rayleigh scattering
Mie scattering – 2.2.2.2.2 Mie scattering
Exercise 1 – Mie scattering 1
Exercise 2 – Mie scattering 2
Exercise 3 – Rayleigh and Mie scattering comparison
Sky colour – 2.2.2.2.3 The role of Rayleigh and Mie scattering in producing sky colour
Raman scattering – 2.2.2.2.4 Raman scattering
Exercise – Scattering
Surface transfer – 2.2.3 Reflection at the surface of the Earth
Exercise 1 – Reflection at the surface of the Earth 1
Exercise 2 – Reflection at the surface of the Earth 2
Exercise – Absorption, extinction, scattering and geometrical optics
Radiative transfer equation – 2.3 The Radiative Transfer Equation
Direct part – 2.3.1 Radiative Transfer Equation: Direct part
Exercise – Radiative Transfer Equation: Direct part
Single scattering – 2.3.2 Radiative Transfer Equation: Single scattering part
Diffuse part – 2.3.3 Radiative Transfer Equation: Diffuse part, plane surface
Refraction – 2.3.4 Radiative Transfer Equation: Refraction
Exercise – Radiative Transfer Equation: Refraction
Practical solutions – 2.3.5 Practical Solutions for Radiative Transfer
Exercise – The Radiative Transfer Equation
Retrieval procedures – 3 Retrieval procedures
Irradiance and earthshine – 3.1 Irradiance and earthshine
Measurement – 3.1.1 Measurement of direct solar radiation and earthshine
Comparison – 3.1.2 Comparison of sunlight and earthshine
Earthshine interactions – 3.2 Interactions in the optical path
Absorption and scattering – 3.2.1 Interactions in the optical path
Ring effect – 3.2.2 Measurement aberrations caused by the Ring effect
In Fraunhofer lines – 3.2.2.1 Reduction in the depth of Fraunhofer lines caused by Raman scattering
In absorptions – 3.2.2.2 Distortion of absorption measurements caused by Raman scattering
Surface water effects – 3.2.2.3 Vibrational Raman scattering in surface water
Pseudo-absorber – 3.2.2.4 Generating a pseudo-absorber to compensate for the Ring effect
DOAS procedure – 3.3 The DOAS procedure
Graphical treatment – 3.3.1 Step-by-step graphical guide to the DOAS procedure
DOAS RTE – 3.3.2 The DOAS Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE)
Measurement columns – 3.4 Measurement columns and airmass factors (AMF)
SCDtotal to VCDtrop – 3.4.1 Extracting tropospheric VCD from total SCD
Stratospheric and tropospheric NO2 – 3.4.2 Stratospheric and tropospheric NO2
Stratospheric NO2 – 3.4.2.1 Stratospheric NO2
Tropospheric NO2 – 3.4.2.2 Tropospheric NO2
Stratospheric elimination – 3.4.2.3 The elimination of stratospheric NO2 values
By reference sector – 3.4.2.3.1 Elimination of stratospheric NO2 using a Pacific reference sector
By limb mode profile – 3.4.2.3.2 Elimination of stratospheric NO2 using limb/nadir matching
Tropospheric AMF – 3.4.3 The tropospheric airmass factor, AMFtropo
Geometric dependence – 3.4.3.1 The tropospheric airmass factor: geometric dependence
Altitude dependence – 3.4.3.2 The tropospheric airmass factor: altitude dependence
Albedo dependence – 3.4.3.3 The tropospheric airmass factor: surface reflectivity dependence
Wavelength dependence – 3.4.3.4 The tropospheric airmass factors: wavelength dependence
Exercise 1 – Light path and airmass factor
Exercise 2 – DOAS method calculation
Exercise 3 – Correction of stratospheric NO2
Exercise 4 – Validation
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