OREGANO Project: Proxy

Ozone Recovery from Merged Observational Data and Model Analysis (OREGANO)

Proxies that are recommended to be used are marked in green and are shown in a graphics at the bottom of this webpage.

Dataset: Principal components of ERA5 zonal mean wind 6°S-6°N (1979-2024)
Link: https://climate.copernicus.eu/climate-reanalysis
Monthly mean file: qbo_era5_PC_1979-2024.txt (recommendation use PC1 and PC2)
Alternative 1: 50hPa and 10hPa of ERA5 zonal mean winds (1979-2023), qbo_era5_6S-6N_zonalwind_monthly_mean_1979-2024.txt
Alternative 2: Singapore winds (radiosondes) (1979-present), KIT Atmohub
Alternative 3: Singapore/MERRA2 winds and PCs (1979-present), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Dataset: GLOSSAC V2.23 (1979-2024): https://asdc.larc.nasa.gov/project/GloSSAC
Monthly mean ASCII file GLOSSSAC (36 latitudes): saod_m.txt (1979-2024)
Monthly mean ASCII file GLOSSSAC (El Chichon period): saod_m_elchichon.txt (1979-1989)
Monthly mean ASCII file GLOSSSAC (Pinatubo period): saod_m_pinatubo.txt (1990-1999)
Monthly mean ASCII file GLOSSSAC (HHTH period onl): saod_m_hthh.txt (2000-2024)
Monthly mean ASCII file GLOSSSAC (Mt Pinatubo-HHTH period): saod_m_pinatubo_hthh.txt (1990-2024)
Note: Volcanic eruptions can, dependent on the location and time of the year of the event, have differing impacts on the stratospheric circulation (dynamics). In the past Pinatubo and El Chichon, two major eruptions, were often treated separately (two proxy terms). With Hunga Tonga (HTHH) a third major event ocurred, that clearly impacted atmospheric dynamics (and chemistry) and ozone distribution. Proxies vary with latitude.

Dataset: ENSO 3,4 Index (1979-2024)
Link: https://psl.noaa.gov/data/timeseries/monthly/NINO34/
Monthly mean file: enso34_m.txt
Alternative: MEI V2 index (https://psl.noaa.gov/enso/mei/)
Note: Starting early 2020s the MEI index has a downward drift compared to ENSO3.4. Otherwise both timseries are quite similar.

Dataset: Arctic Oscillation (1978-2024)
Link: https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/daily_ao_index/teleconnections.shtml
Monthly mean file: ao_index_monthly_mean_1979-2024.txt
Monthly mean file (accumulated): ao_m_accumulated.txt
Monthly mean file (accumulated, ozone-variability weighted): ao_m__accumulated_weighted_sbuvformat.txt
Note: AO has an accumulative effect on ozone transport into high NH latitudes from boreal fall to spring. The correlation of the winter accumulative AO to ozone remains until summer although the ozone variability continuously decreases from spring to summer.

Dataset: Antarctic Oscillation (1978-2024)
Link: https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/daily_ao_index/teleconnections.shtml
Monthly mean file: aao_index_monthly_mean_1979-2024.txt
Monthly mean file (accumulated): aao_m_accumulated.txt
Monthly mean file (accumulated, ozone-variability weighted): aao_m__accumulated_weighted_sbuvformat.txt
Note: AAO has an acumulative effect on ozone transport into high SH latitudes from austral fall to spring. The correlation of the winter accumulative AAO to ozone remains until summer although the ozone variability continuously decreases from spring to summer.

Dataset: ERA5 accumulated eddy heat flux (100 hPa, 45°-75°, 1979-2024)
Link: https://climate.copernicus.eu/climate-reanalysis
Monthly mean file: ehf_era5_100hPa_monthly_mean_1979-2024.txt
Monthly mean file (accumalated): ehf_m_era5_100hPa_accumulated.txt
NH monthly mean file (accumulated, ozone-variability weighted): ehfn_m_era5_100hPa_accumulated_weighted_sbuvformat.txt
SH monthly mean file (accumulated, ozone-variability weighted): ehfs_m_era5_100hPa_accumulated_weighted_sbuvformat.txt
Note: EHF has an acumulative effect on ozone transport into high latitudes from fall to spring. The correlation of the winter accumulative EHF to ozone remains until summer although the ozone variability continuously decreases from spring to summer.