SCIAMACHY Validation from the ground

• UV-vis zenith-sky spectroscopy using the DOAS technique provides column amounts of O₃, NO₂, BrO, and OClO. The German DOAS community operates instruments at various stations from the Arctic to the Antarctic.

• From Fourier Transform Spectroscopy measurements in the UV, visible, and IR spectral regions total columns and number density profiles of O₃, NO₂, H₂O, CO, N₂O, CO₂, H₂CO, and CH₄ as well as other molecules not covered by SCIAMACHY can be derived. The German scientific community operates FTS instruments at various European stations.

• Microwave radiometers provide profiles of O₃, H₂O, and ClO. Continuous MW measurements of O₃, H₂O, and ClO are performed by German scientists in Ny-Ålesund. The operation of O₃ and H₂O radiometers at stations in northern mid-latitudes and in the tropics is planned.

• The Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) technique provides stratospheric O₃ profiles. DIAL measurements are operationally performed during cloud-free nights in Hohenpeißenberg and Ny-Ålesund.

• Backscatter lidars provide vertical distributions of aerosol and cloud properties. In addition, from the Rayleigh backscattered signal temperature profiles in the stratosphere and mesosphere can be derived. A backscatter lidar will be operated on a campaign basis in Esrange/Kiruna.

• Meteorological sondes provide vertical profiles of pressure, temperature, water vapour, and, in case an ozone sonde is attached, O₃ from the ground to maximum altitudes between 30 and 40\,km. Sondes are launched by several German research groups at a variety of locations in Germany as well as in Ny-Ålesund and Neumayer.